Representative images of the expression of the rod transcription factor NR2E3 (in green) and the cone-specific red–green opsins (RG opsin in red) in Protocol 2 ( E, G) and Protocol 3 ( F, H) organoids. Representative images of the expression of the nuclear cone–rod homeobox protein (CRX in green) and the calcium binding protein recoverin (RCVRN in red) in Protocol 2 ( A, C) and Protocol 3 ( B, D) organoids. Retinal organoids were analysed at D150 ( A, B, E, F, I, J) and D225 ( C, D, G, H, K, L) of differentiation. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of photoreceptor markers in mid-stage and mature organoids. More importantly, we demonstrate for the first time that the role of retinoic acid goes beyond inducing a rod cell fate to enhancing the organisation of the photoreceptor layer of the mature organoid.Ĭones Induced pluripotent stem cells Photoreceptors Retinal organoids Retinoic acid Rods. This study proves the importance of supplemented media for culturing retinal organoids. By contrast, the absence of retinoic acid led to cone-rich organoids with a less organised and non-stratified photoreceptor layer. At later stages, the presence of retinoic acid led to the generation of mature retinal organoids with a well-structured stratified photoreceptor layer containing a predominant rod population. Retinoic acid delayed the initial stages of differentiation by modulating photoreceptor gene expression. Gene expression was assayed using qPCR analysis, protein expression using immunofluorescence studies, ultrastructure using electron microscopy and 3D morphology using confocal and biphoton microscopy of whole organoids. To date, the lack of a systematic comparison of a given protocol with or without supplements makes it difficult to determine how they influence the differentiation process and morphology of the retinal organoids.Ī 2D-3D differentiation method was used to generate retinal organoids, which were cultured with or without the most commonly used media supplements, notably retinoic acid. Most protocols use common media supplements however, protocol-dependent variability impacts data interpretation. Many efforts have been made over the last decade to optimise protocols for the generation of organoids that correctly mimic the human retina. Jimenez is of Mexican heritage.Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids are a valuable tool for disease modelling and therapeutic development.
Filmography Film YearĮpisode: "The Big State of the Reunion Episode"Įpisode: "Charlie and Kate's Dirty Pictures" She played Alba, the Pembertons' maid, on FOX's The Mick. Jimenez has also appeared in the Netflix sitcom Fuller House, playing an adoption agent for Jesse and Becky. She also played the recurring role of Rosa on Raising Hope.
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She was a recurring character on the ABC TV shows Desperate Housewives, Better Off Ted and Last Man Standing. In 2003, Jimenez appeared as a character named Virginia, in the independent cult film My Life with Morrissey by Andrew Overtoom. Jimenez has appeared in Nacho Libre, Lady in the Water, and Accepted.
#Carla jimenez series
She has had roles in series such as Lincoln Heights, My Name Is Earl and Little Britain USA, and has appeared in films including Miss March (2009) and Phat Girlz (2006). Carla Jimenez (born in Westwood, Los Angeles, California) is an American television and film actress.
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